Python is an open-source programming language that is easy to learn. Python is the most preferred programming language among developers and thus has wider job opportunities. The following are the Python Interview Question and Answers which has been created specifically for freshers to be familiarized with the questions that are commonly asked in the Python interview. If you are interested in learning the Python language, Python Training at FITA is the right place to learn the course professionally.
Python is a high-level object-oriented programming language that can run on different platforms like Windows, Linux, Unix, and Macintosh. Python is widely used in Data Science, Machine Learning, and Artificial Intelligence domain. Python enables ease of coding to develop applications.
Python is used in multiple software domains and the applications are listed below. Various Types of application in Python is the commonly asked Python Interview question.
Interpreted: Python is an interpreted language. It does not require a prior accumulation of code and it executes instructions directly.
Free and open-source: It is an open-source project which is publicly available to use. It can be downloaded free of cost.
Portable: Python programs can run on various platforms without affecting its performance.
Extensible: It is highly flexible and extensible with any module.
Object-oriented: Python permits to implement the Object-Oriented concepts to build an application solution.
Built-in data structure: List, Tuple, and Dictionary are useful integrated data structures that are provided by Python.
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A Python decorator is a particular change that we make in Python syntax to alter its functions easily.
The primary difference between list and tuple is that the list is mutable while tuple is not. Tuple could be hashed, for instance as a key for dictionaries.
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Everything in Python is an object and all the variables hold references to the objects. The reference values are placed according to the functions and you cannot change the value of the references. If needed you can change the objects if it has mutable features.
These are the syntax constructions that are used in Python, created to ease the Dictionary or List based on the existing or current iterable.
Python provides two built-in types. They are Mutable and Immutable types of built-in types.
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In Python, every new name introduced has its place where it lives and can be hooked. It is called a namespace. It is like a box where a variable name is graphed to the object placed. Whenever the variable is searched out in the bar, this box will be searched, to get the related object. Name space in Python is the frequently asked question in Python interview.
It is a single expression, also an anonymous function predominantly used as an inline function.
The lambda form in Python does not have statements since it is used to make a new function object and return them at runtime.
The term Pass meaning, a no-operation Python statement, or in other words, it means a place holder in a compound statement, where there should be a blank space left and nothing has to be filled there.
Iterators are used to iterate a group of elements in Python, containers like a list.
A unit testing framework in Python is known as a unit test. It supports the function like sharing of setups, shutdown code for tests, automation testing, aggregation of tests into collections etc.
A Mechanism to choose a range of items from sequence types like tuple, list, strings, etc. is called slicing.
The means of implementing iterators are called generators. It is a normal function in Python, except it yields expression in the functions.
The Python documentation string is called docstring, it is the means of documenting Python functions, modules and classes.
For copying an object in Python, you can try the code copy.copy () or copy.deepcopy() for the generic cases. You cannot copy all the objects but you can copy most of them.
Python sequences could be indexed in positive and negative numbers. For instance, the Positive index, 0 is the first index, 1 is the second index and so on. For the Negative index, (-1) is the last index and (-2) is the second last index and so on.
To convert a number into a string, we should use the inbuilt function str(). If we need hexadecimal or octal representation, we must apply the inbuilt function hex() or oct(). Converting number to a String is the basic interview question that should be known mandatorily by any fresher before attending the Python interview.
The X-range mostly returns the X-range objects, whereas the range returns the list and also uses the same memory, in spite of the range size.
In Python, the module is a way to structure the program. Every Python program file is a module, which imports other modules like objects and attributes of Python. The folder of the Python program is also known as a package of modules. The package may have modules or subfolders.
Local variables: When a variable is assigned to a new value anywhere within the function’s body, it’s deceived to be local variables.
Global variables: Variables that are referenced only inside a function are global variables.
We can share global variables across modules within a single program and also we can create a special module. It can be done by Importing the config module in all the modules of your application. The module will now be available as a global variable across the modules.
For making a Python Script executable on Unix, we should do two things,
Script file’s mode should be executable.
The first line of the code should start with # (bin/ #!/local/usr/python)
We can delete a Python file by using a command like os.unlink(filename) or os. remove filename.
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We can generate random numbers in Python, we need to import command as follows
random.random()
import random
This restore as a random floating-point number within the range [0,1).
To access a module written in Python from C follow the below method,
Module = =PyImport_ImportModule(“<modulename>”);
This is a Floor Division operator, that is used for dividing two operands with a result as quotient displaying only digits before the decimal point. For example, 10//5 = 2 and 10.0//5.0 = 2.0
Python encompasses a huge standard library for most of the Internet platforms like HTML, Email, etc.
Python software does not require explicit memory management since the interpreter itself allocates the memory to the new variables and also free them automatically.
Readability is easy due to the use of frequent square brackets.
It is a simple programming language and it is easier for beginners.
Since it has built-in data types, Python saves programming time and effort from declaring the variables. Uses of Python is one of the most frequently asked Python Interview Questions for freshers.
The Split function is used in Python for breaking a string to a shorter one by using a defined separator. Split Functions gives the complete list of words that are present in the string.
Flask is one of the parts of the micro-framework. It means it will have little or no dependencies on external libraries. Flask makes the work of the framework lighter. While there is a slight dependency to update and fewer security bugs.
Flask is the “Microframework” mostly used in building a small application with simpler requirements. In a Flask, mostly you have to use external libraries for building applications. Flask is ready to use.
A pyramid is built for larger applications. It facilitates flexibility and lets the developer make use of the right tools for their project. The developer can select the database, templating style, URL structure, and more. A Pyramid is a heavy configuration program.
Django can also be used for larger applications, like Pyramid. Django includes an ORM. Get access to Common Java Interview Questions that are asked in a Fresher Interview on clicking the following link.
Flask-WTF provides simple integration with the WTForms. Features of Flask WTF includes
Integration with wtforms
Secured form with CSRF token
Supports Global CSRF protection
Globalization integration
Enables Recaptcha supporting
File upload that works with the Flask Uploads.
The two common ways for the Flask Script to work is as follows
First, it should be the import path for your application or should it be a path to Python file.
A session allows you to remember information from one request to the other. In the Flask, it uses a signed cookie so that the user can look at the session and its contents, if needed modify them. The user is permitted to modify the session if only it has the secret key code Flask.secret_key.
PEP 8 is the coding convention, which is a set of recommendations, on how to write your Python code and make it more readable.
The Pickle module accepts any Python object. It also converts that into a string representation and also dumps them into a file by using the dump function, it is called pickling. The method of retrieving original Python objects from the previously-stored string representation is called unpickling.
Python is an interpreted language and it runs directly from the source code. Python converts all the source code that is written by the developer to an intermediate language, that is again translated into machine language which has to be executed.
Python memory is handled by Python private heap space. All Python objects and data structures will be located in a private heap. The programmer can not have access to this private heap and the interpreter manages the Python private heap.
The allocation of Python heap space for the Python objects is done by the Python memory manager. The core API of Python grants access to some tools for the programmers to code.
Python has an inbuilt garbage collector, that recycles all the unused memory and frees the memory and makes it available for the heap space.
PyChecker is a static analysis tool that detects bugs in the Python source code. It also warns about the complexity and style of the bug. Pylint is also another tool that is used to verify whether the module meets the coding standard.
Literals are also known as data that is given in a variable or constant. Python supports the following literals: String Literals, Numeric literals and Boolean Literals.
String literals are constructed by enclosing the text in the single or double-quotes. For instance, String literals are string values.
Example: “Jack”, ‘12345’.
Python has three types of numeric literals they are Integer, float, and complex. Examples are listed below.
# Integer literal
a = 20
#Float Literal
b = 12.8
#Complex Literal
x = 3.14v
Boolean literals are used to indicate boolean values. It contains either True or False.
# Boolean literal
isboolean = True
A function is an area of the program or a block of code which can be written once and can be executed anytime required in the program. A function is a block of self-contained statements that have a parameter list, valid name, and body. Python provides numerous built-in functions to complete tasks and also permits the users to create new functions as well.
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There are two types of functions:
Built-In Functions: count(),copy(), and len() are some of the built-in functions.
User-defined Functions: Functions that are defined by a user termed as user-defined functions.
Example: The general syntax of the user-defined function is given below.
def function_name (parameters list):
#— statements—
return a_value
The Python zip() function is used in transforming multiple lists, like list1, list2, list3, and many others into a single list of tuples. This method takes an iterable and returns a tuple of the iterable. When we don’t pass an iterable, it returns as an empty iterator. See this example:
list1 = [‘A’,’B’,’C’] and list2 = [20,50,60].
zip(list1, list2) # results in a list of tuples say [(‘A’,20),(‘B’,50),(‘C’,60)]
Note: In case the given lists are of various lengths, the zip stops generating tuples after the first list ends.
Python’s constructor: _init__ () is the first method of a class. While trying to initiate an object __init__() is immediately invoked by Python to initialize the members of an object. We can’t overload the constructors or methods in Python. It displays an error if we try to overload.
class student:
def __init__(self,name):
self.name = name
def __init__(self, name, email):
self.name = name
self.email = email
# This line will generate an error
#st = student(“tom”)
# This line will call the second constructor
st = student(“tom”, “tom@gmail.com”)
print(st.name)
Output:
tom
The del statement is primarily used to remove the key, list, or a dictionary. We should pass an index that we want to delete. Del is the fastest way to remove any elements from the list.
The remove() method is mostly used to remove elements from the list. It identifies the element before deleting which makes it slower than del. Del and remove both are used in removing element but the del has a performance edge over removed. Given below is the example of remove and del.
data = [60,900,12,300,90,10]
print(data)
# Deleting 4th index element
del data[4]
print(data)
data = [60,900,12,300,90,10]
# Removing element by passing element
data.remove(12)
print(data)
Output:
[60, 900, 12, 300, 90, 10]
[60, 900, 12, 300, 10]
[60, 900, 300, 90, 10]
It is the string’s function that converts all uppercase characters into lowercase and vice versa. It is used in altering the existing case of the string. These are the general Python related questions that are put forth to the candidates in the Python Interview Question for freshers.
The Swap case method creates a copy of the string which contains all the characters in the swap case. When the string is in lowercase, it creates a small case string and vice versa. It immediately ignores all the non-alphabetic characters.
To remove the whitespaces and trailing spaces from the string, Python provides strip([str]) built-in function. This function returns a copy of the string after removing whitespaces if present. Otherwise, it returns to the original string.
For removing the leading characters from a string, we should use lstrip() function. Python string function takes an optional chart type parameter. When a parameter is provided, it removes the character. If not, it removes all the leading spaces from the string.
We use the join () function method to concatenate a string with the iterable object. It comes back to a new string that is the concatenation of the strings in iterable. This throws an exception TypeError if the iterable contains any non-string values.
The break statement is used to terminate the execution of the current loop. Break statements always break the execution that is currently used and transfer the control to outside the current block.
These are the most important Python Interview Questions and Answers.
An operator in specific is a symbol that is used on some values and produces output as a result. The operators work on operands. The operands may be of numeric literals or variables. The three major Python operators are listed below.
The operators which require a single operand is known as Unary operator.
An operator that requires two operands is known as Binary operator.
The operator that requires three operands is known as Ternary operator.
In the Python 3 version, the old Unicode type has been replaced by “str” type, and the string is considered as the Unicode by default. To make a string in Unicode, we can use art.title.encode(“utf-8”) function.
Add breakpoint (b)
Resume execution (c)
Step by step debugging (s)
Move to the next line (n)
List source code (l)
Print (p)
$ python -m pdb python-script.py
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We can create it in two different ways.
First method:
import numpy
numpy.array([])
Second method:
# Make an empty NumPy array
numpy.empty(shape=(0,0))
( expression(var) for var in iterable )
>>> no_of_days = 366
>>> is_leap_year = “Yes” if no_of_days == 366 else “No”
>>> print(is_leap_year)
Yes
MongoDB (Unstructured) and MySQL (Structured) are the predominant databases that are supported in Python.
Python has built-in support to parse strings using the Regular expression module.
The Python is an interpreter, it starts reading the code from the source file and starts executing them. This question is asked basically to test your knowledge in Python coding in the Python Interview Questions for freshers.
These are prominent modules. Several other modules are available in the Python developer community.
Time module can be used predominantly to calculate the time at various stages of your application. To use the Logging module to log data to a file system in any preferred format.
Interview questions on Python which will help both freshers and experienced to clear their interviews.
Python has a built-in module known as sub-process. To import this module and either using the run () or Popen() function calls to launch a sub-process and to get control of its return code.
Yes. As far as you have the Python environment on your target platform (Windows, Linux, and Mac), you could run the same code.
To create a Python with the standard library Tkinter could be used to create GUI based applications. Tkinter library supports the functions of various widgets that can create and handle events that are widget specific.
‘#’ is commonly used to comment out everything that comes after on the line.
This function is used in removing the string methods that remove the leading or trailing white space. Python Course in Hyderabad at FITA provides the right blend of theoretical and practical knowledge to the students.
current time= time.localtime(time.time())
print (“Current time is”, current-time)
on Language
print dict.keys()
int(x [,base])
Monkey Patching means the modification of a module at run-time.
A group of individual statements, that makes a logical block of code is called suites.
For Example:
If expression
Suite
Else
Suite
It is the function to iterate over a sequence of numbers.
For Example:
for var in list(range (50))
Print (var)
abs () is a built-in function that works with integer, complex and float numbers also.
fabs () is defined in the math module which doesn’t work with complex numbers.
Code:
str = “Python is a programming language”
print (str.isalnum())
str = “This is Interview Question17”
print (str.isalnum())
Answer: False
True
The Assertions statement is primarily used to evaluate the expression attached. In case the expression is false, then Python raised Assertion Error Exception.
Match checks for the match at the beginning of the strings, whereas search checks anywhere in the strings.
Shallow copy is used when the new instance type gets created and it keeps values copied. Whereas deep copy stores values that are already copied.
A shallow copy is comparatively fast in program execution whereas deep copy makes it slow.
Pass statement
Example:
If(a>90)
print(“Python”)
else
Pass
They are used to pass the variable number of arguments to the function. *args is primarily used to pass non-keyworded, variable-length argument list. Whereas *kwargs is used to pass keyworded, variable-length argument lists.
It is a collection of items of different data types that can be changed at the run time.
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It is a collection of items of different data types that can not be changed. It has only read-only access to the collection. Tuple can be used in case you want to secure the data collection and it does not need any modifications.
It is a collection of an item that has a similar data type.
It is a collection of items that has key-value pairs.
Yes, it allows. It permits to code as a structured as-well-as Object-Oriented Style. This is the basic Python Interview Question for experienced to test their knowledge in Python.
.py files are known as Python source files. .pyc files are the compiled bytecode files. It is generated by the Python compiler.
Python has three types of namespace in it. They are:
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